By BRIAN CLOWES
(Editor’s Note: Brian Clowes has been director of research and training at Human Life International since 1995.)
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There are two primary means by which the Church may declare a teaching infallible.
The first and most definitive statement of infallibility is the Pope’s solemn declaration ex cathedra that a matter of faith or morals must be assented to in order for a Catholic to attain salvation. One example of such a pronouncement is the 1854 apostolic constitution of Pope Pius IX entitled Ineffabilis Deus (“The Immaculate Conception”).
Contrary to popular (media) belief, Catholics are not just obligated to believe and obey the Pope when he speaks formally and infallibly. Lumen Gentium addressed the degree of assent that Catholics must give to all of the teachings of the Pope:
“. . . Loyal submission of the will and intellect must be given, in a special way, to the authentic teaching authority of the Roman Pontiff, even when he does not speak ex cathedra in such wise, indeed, that his supreme teaching authority be acknowledged with respect, and sincere assent be given to decisions made by him” (n. 25).
The second means by which a Church teaching becomes infallible is through the ordinary Magisterium. This is the usual day-to-day expression of the Church’s teaching authority, and does not require a solemn declaration by the Pope or by the assembled bishops.
The Canon of St. Vincent of Lorenz declares that any doctrine that has been taught semper ubique ab omnibus — always, everywhere, and by everyone — makes it part of the ordinary and universal magisterial teaching.
As we have seen, ancient and modern Catholic bishops and theologians have consistently condemned the practice of contraception since the founding of the Church. Since the reign of Pope Pius IX, when the question of contraception was first raised in modern times, more than 30 Church documents have stated that Catholics must not use it. Therefore, it has indeed been prohibited semper ubique ab omnibus.
The Second Vatican Council’s Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium states:
“Although the bishops, taken individually, do not enjoy the privilege of infallibility, they do, however, proclaim infallibly the doctrine of Christ on the following conditions: Namely, when, even though dispersed throughout the world but preserving for all that amongst themselves and with Peter’s successor the bond of communion, in their authoritative teaching concerning matters of faith and morals, they are in agreement that a particular teaching is to be held definitively and absolutely” (n. 25).
Every Catholic must assent by faith to an infallibly proclaimed doctrine resulting from either an ex cathedra declaration or the exercise of the ordinary Magisterium. Many disagree with this view.
For example, a columnist for Catholics for (a Free) Choice dreamily writes that “Humanae Vitae becomes the point at which many Catholics begin to decide to go their own way on issues of reproductive morality and yet remain Catholic in their minds and hearts.” This is complete fiction by a writer who seeks to substitute her emotions and untutored opinions for the truth.
If this sounds harsh, consider this: Anyone who claims to be a member of an organization, yet ignores and condemns the same group’s teachings, does not have a right to call himself one of its members. If he joins the Army and refuses to bear arms or wear the uniform and, in fact, aids and abets the enemy, he is not a soldier, he is a traitor. The same principle applies to any other organization — including the Catholic Church.
Pope Paul VI’s 1968 encyclical Humanae Vitae is the primary focus of dissent on the issue of contraception. Anti-Catholic Rosemary Radford Ruether completely inverted reality when she called it one of the “greatest moral disasters of the Roman Catholic Church.” And the former president of the largest chain of abortion mills in the world, Pamela Maraldo (who refers to herself as a “devout Catholic”), has called the encyclical “pernicious” and an “embarrassing teaching.”
But these wanna-be theologians are ignorant of a fundamental fact. Humanae Vitae did not create some new doctrine or dogma. It simply repeated and emphasized the infallible doctrine, already more than 19 centuries old, that interference with the generation of human life is always gravely disordered and is thus proscribed.
Because of her constant and unwavering condemnation of birth control, always, everywhere, and by all of the bishops (except for a handful of recent modernist dissenters), we may state without fear of authoritative contradiction that the Catholic Church’s ban on contraception is, indeed, an infallible doctrine.
Why Doesn’t the Pope Formally Declare Pro-Life Teachings Infallible? For decades, a not inconsiderable number of pro-lifers have asked why the Pope does not just formally declare the Church’s teachings on abortion and contraception infallible. But leading pro-life theologians, including Msgr. William Smith, have debated the wisdom of this action, and have decided that it would cause more trouble that it would avoid in the long run.
Such a pronouncement in the realm of sexual morality (as differentiated from one addressing fundamental Catholic beliefs) would give the impression that all other moral teachings of the Church were optional. This might lead to a situation where disbelief would run rampant in the areas not specifically addressed ex cathedra, and would lead to more and more demands for such declarations in almost every area of Church teaching.
Besides, even if the Pope did declare the Church’s teachings on birth control and abortion infallible, there would be little change in the landscape of the debate. True Catholics, who understand the natural law and its implications, do not need such a formal declaration to live their lives in the manner Jesus Christ desires. And, of course, dissenters and those using contraception would simply deny the validity of such a pronouncement.
As Ruether observes, “An effort to declare the ban on contraception ‘infallible’ would have the immediate effect of focusing Catholic dissent on the doctrine of infallibility itself. . . . A storm of dissent, and even ridicule, directed at infallibility itself would ensue from such a declaration.”
In 1988, St. John Paul II stated authoritatively that Humanae Vitae must be assented to by the faithful. CFFC immediately accused the Pope of “abusing the Magisterium.” One of its writers displayed a profound ignorance of the nature of Church teaching authority when she said: “In theological terms, they [the dissenters] see this as blurring the distinction between the changeable positions of the ordinary magisterium and the unchangeable truths of the extraordinary magisterium.”
Shortly thereafter, 163 dissenting theologians signed a statement entitled “Against Incapacitation — for an Open Catholicism,” popularly known as the Cologne Declaration. CFFC published this declaration in its newsletter Conscience. They said: “We observe an attempt, theologically highly questionable, to enforce and overstep in an inadmissible way the Pope’s competence in the field of doctrinal teaching alongside that of jurisdiction.”
The dissenters’ statements show that, even if the Holy Father infallibly declared contraception to be prohibited, they would simply ignore him. This is evident also from the fact that dissenters have even dismissed the infallible declaration by Pope Pius IX of the perpetual virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. To quote Rosemary Radford Ruether once again: “The methods of history, used in an unbiased manner, would almost certainly conclude that Jesus had normal siblings.”
Dissenters have no problem with simply denying our Lady’s perpetual virginity if it advances the cause of “reproductive rights,” which includes the “right” to birth control. These people perceive anti-woman conspiracies behind every Church declaration, and ascribe the most absurd motives to Church leaders who are trying to focus on purely theological matters.
In fact, some of them even declare that the Church cannot speak infallibly under any form. As one example, dissenter Daniel C. Maguire says: “Making infallible statements through the medium of fallible language is a naive dream.”
Therefore, any statement that “the Church’s teachings against contraception are not infallible” is simply a diversion, since the dissenters would attack any teaching against contraception that was solemnly declared infallible.
The Culture Of Death
In conclusion, we must consider the consequences of the widespread use of contraception in the world today. Entire continents and churches are dying out right before our eyes because of their acceptance of both birth control and abortion.
Indeed, the immense train of evils that afflict us today — from homosexual “marriage” to population control to euthanasia — were all made possible by the widespread acceptance of contraception. If anything could be called the root of the Culture of Death, and if anything could be called a proper subject of the Church’s infallible teachings through the Magisterium, it is birth control.
Recommended reading: Canadian Catholic Conference. “Statement on the Formation of Conscience,” December 1, 1973, at www.consciencelaws.org/religion/religion040.aspx.
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